C1

first culture

CBI

content-based instruction

CELFIL

Content and English as a Lingua Franca Integrated Learning

CLIL

content and language integrated learning

EAL

English as an Additional Language

EAP

English for academic purposes

EFL

English as a foreign language

EIL

English as an International Language

ELF

English as a lingua franca

ELFA

English as Lingua Franca in Academic Settings

ELT

English language teaching

EMI

English-medium instruction

EMIDP

English- Medium Instruction Degree Program

ENL

English as a native language

ESL

English as a Second Language

ESP

English for specific purposes

ETP

English-taught program

FD

Faculty development

GELT

Global Englishes language teaching

HE

higher education

HEIs

higher education institutions

ICL

Integrating Content and Language

ICLHE

Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education

IDC

Intercultural Development Continuum

IoHE

Internationalization of Higher Education

JASSO

Japan Student Services Organization

JMI

Japanese-medium instruction

L1

first language

L2

second language

MNC

Multi-National Company

NES

native English speaker

NEST

native English speaking teacher

NNEST

non-native English speaking teacher

NNS

non-native speaker

NNES

non-native English speaker

NNSE

non-native speaker of English

PMI

Post-Merger Integration

SLA

second language acquisition

SLTE

second language teacher education (also used as L2 Teacher Education)

STEM

science, technology, engineering and mathematics

TESOL

teaching English as a second or other language

TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language

TOEIC

Test of English for International Communication

VOICE

Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English

WE

World Englishes